Physics of Type I diffracted photons

GENERAL SEMINAR: Dr Eugen Pavel, CEO of Storex Technologies

Dr Eugen Pavel is CEO of Storex Technologies, a research and development company located in
Bucharest. Eugen Pavel have studied Physics with specialization in Condensed Matter Physics
at University of Bucharest during 1971-1976. He pursued a doctoral study under the mentorship
of Prof. Danila Barb and received his PhD in Physics in 1992 at the Institute of Atomic Physics.
In 1991 he won the Prize ”Dragomir Hurmuzescu” of the Romanian Academy for Physics and in
2002 he received “The WIPO Award for the Best Inventor”, granted by World Intellectual Property
Organization. The research interests in materials science of Dr. Eugen Pavel include: i) 3D optical
memory with a capacity of 1 Petabyte, ii) sensitive materials for Projection Quantum Optical
Lithography with a resolution of 1 nm and iii) quantum image sensor (QCE) and QCE plates with
applications in optical instruments (diffractionless optical microscope, Microarsecond Optical
Astronomy).

Abstract
A recent experiment conducted by our group, based on Young’s modified five-slit diffraction
experiment, indicated the existence of two types of diffracted photons: (i) Type I with particle
behavior and (ii) Type II with wave behavior. The experiment is a reverse Davisson-Germer
experiment applied to photons. Only photons with particle behavior were detected by the sensor.
Type I diffracted photons break the diffraction limit.
A Quantum Confinement Effect was involved in the energy transfer of Frenkel excitons
generated by light absorption in an „antenna system” to a „reaction center” where photoelectrons
are produced. Extremely efficient energy transfer was achieved.
A new class of Type I diffracted photon-sensitive detectors has been developed: the QCE image
sensor and the QCE plate. Photoelectrons are used to generate a signal in the QCE image sensor
or to modify the etching properties of the QCE plate.
Type I diffraction photons have opened new areas of research: diffractionless optical microscopy,
Projection Quantum Optical Lithography, and Microarcsecond Optical Astronomy.

References

1. E. Pavel, “Suppression of wave-particle duality in multiple slit experiments”, Journal of the Optical Society of
   America B 41, 547-551(2024).
2. E. Pavel, V. Marinescu, “Beyond the diffraction limit with a quantum confinement effect (QCE) image sensor”,
   Journal of the Optical Society of America B 41, 566-570 (2024).
3. E. Pavel, “Applications of Type I diffracted photons in astronomical imaging and the insensitivity of QCE
   image sensor to atmospheric turbulence,” Optics Communications, 579, 131557, (2025).
4. E. Pavel, A. Dinescu, D. Mladenovic, O. Brancoveanu, “Projection version of Quantum Optical Lithography
   with Type I diffracted photons,” Applied Optics, 64, 4148-4151(2025).
5. E. Pavel, V. Marinescu, B. Prejoianu, “Diffractionless optical microscopy with type I diffracted photons”,
   Optics Communications, 597 (2025) 132613.
6. E. Pavel, V. Marinescu, “Spatially resolving spectroscopic binaries by diffractionless telescope with Type I
   diffracted photons”, Optica Open, (2025) ID: 124597; doi:10.1364/opticaopen. 29598962.v2